connected histories of the middle east and the global south Connected Histories of the Middle East and the Global South is an inter disciplinary book series that seeks to publish original research that moves beyond the conventional geo-spatial conventions of the area studies paradigm of scholarship. This focus is designed to shift the focus of the series away from work that takes a single nation-state, national history, or comparative study as its framework of inquiry. Therefore, instead of exploring these societies in relation to each other, the series seeks to study them through one another, that is, through connection, interaction, and encounter. Building on emerging scholarship shaped by “connected histories,” “transnationalism,” and “global history,” the series seeks to support research investigating the circulations of peoples, ob- jects, texts, and ideas that link the societies of the Middle East to Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Focusing primarily on the varied forms of these South–South connections, the series will emphasize themes of mobilities, migration, diaspora, capital flows, pilgrimage, and transre- gional subaltern connectivities, as well as networks of activism, culture, and ideology. While the focus of the series is primarily on the modern period, the series is also open to trans-temporal scholarship that chal- lenges the historiographic divide between the early modern and modern eras. Collectively, the books published in the series will highlight areas of research that have fallen outside, between, or at the margins of con- ventionally defined geographies of scholarship. Series Editors: AFSHIN MARASHI is the Farzaneh Family Chair and Professor in Mod- ern Iranian History at the University of Oklahoma. He is the author of Exile and the Nation: The Parsi Community of India and the Making of Modern Iran. HOURI BERBERIAN is the Meghrouni Family Presidential Chair in Ar- menian Studies and a professor of history at the University of California, Irvine. She is the author of Roving Revolutionaries: Armenians and the Connected Revolutions in the Russian, Iranian, and Ottoman Worlds.